{"id":2404,"date":"2022-09-30T21:52:00","date_gmt":"2022-09-30T19:52:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aram.ionutbuha.com\/?p=2404"},"modified":"2023-04-27T21:56:35","modified_gmt":"2023-04-27T19:56:35","slug":"reciclarea-ambalajelor-raspunderea-extinsa-a-producatorilor-atributiile-autoritatilor-si-rolul-consumatorilor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/aram.org.ro\/en\/reciclarea-ambalajelor-raspunderea-extinsa-a-producatorilor-atributiile-autoritatilor-si-rolul-consumatorilor\/","title":{"rendered":"Packaging recycling: extended producer responsibility, authorities involved and the role of consumers"},"content":{"rendered":"

Articol realizat de\u00a0Asocia\u021bia Rom\u00e2n\u0103 pentru Ambalaje \u0219i Mediu (ARAM)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Sistemul de r\u0103spundere extins\u0103 a produc\u0103torului, care func\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u00een Rom\u00e2nia \u00eenc\u0103 din anul 2004, a permis, \u00een cazul ambalajelor, prin atingerea \u021bintelor de colectare \u0219i reciclare asumate, reciclarea unor cantit\u0103\u021bi de ordinul milioanelor de tone de de\u0219euri de ambalaje \u00eentr-un an, cea mai mare parte din cantitatea total\u0103 colectat\u0103. Cu toate c\u0103 rezultatele ob\u021binute prin sistemul de transfer al responsabilit\u0103\u021bii, i.e. cantit\u0103\u021bile de de\u0219euri de ambalaje reciclate prin intermediul organiza\u021biilor specializate (OIREP), sunt \u00een cre\u0219tere de la un an la altul, potrivit datelor oficiale, orice schimbare brusc\u0103 a actualului sistem, adoptat\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 consult\u0103ri cu factorii implica\u021bi, risc\u0103 s\u0103 vulnerabilizeze \u00eentregul sistem \u0219i pune \u00een pericol \u00eendeplinirea obiectivelor stabilite pentru anii urm\u0103tori.<\/em><\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

R\u0103spunderea extins\u0103 a produc\u0103torului (REP) este unul dintre instrumentele economice cheie ale politicii de mediu la nivel european \u0219i na\u021bional, care contribuie la asigurarea gestion\u0103rii stadiului de de\u0219eu din ciclul de via\u021b\u0103 al unui produs. A\u0219a cum a fost definit ini\u021bial la nivelul Organiza\u021biei pentru Cooperare \u0219i Dezvoltare Economic\u0103 (OCDE), conceptul de REP le confer\u0103 produc\u0103torilor responsabilitatea pentru de\u0219eurile rezultate \u00een urma produselor pe care le introduc pe pia\u021b\u0103. \u00cens\u0103, tocmai \u00een documentele OCDE se arat\u0103 \u0219i c\u0103 \u201cproduc\u0103torul are nevoie de ajutorul at\u00e2t al consumatorului, c\u00e2t \u0219i al autorit\u0103\u021bii publice locale pentru a a\u0219eza produsul post-consum pe lan\u021bul de reciclare. De obicei, produc\u0103torul nu va avea o rela\u021bie contractual\u0103 cu ultimul consumator al produsului s\u0103u, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t numai autoritatea public\u0103 responsabil\u0103 poate impune ca to\u021bi consumatorii s\u0103 separe \u0219i s\u0103 manipuleze produsele \u00een mod responsabil\u201d.<\/em>1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pornind de la acest concept, la nivelul Uniunii Europene \u0219i al statelor membre, inclusiv al Rom\u00e2niei, au fost reglementate fluxuri speciale de de\u0219euri, \u00een cazul c\u0103rora produc\u0103torii implementeaz\u0103 obliga\u021biile privind REP, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t s\u0103 fie \u00eencurajat\u0103 proiectarea de produse care s\u0103 aib\u0103 un impact redus asupra mediului \u0219i care s\u0103 genereze o cantitate sc\u0103zut\u0103 de de\u0219euri \u00een timpul producerii \u0219i al utiliz\u0103rii ulterioare \u0219i s\u0103 fie asigurate valorificarea \u0219i eliminarea produselor care au devenit de\u0219euri \u00een conformitate cu prevederile \u00een vigoare. Ambalajele, echipamentele electrice \u0219i electronice \u0219i bateriile \u0219i acumulatorii sunt c\u00e2teva exemple dintre produsele care sunt supuse fiecare unui regim de r\u0103spundere extins\u0103 a produc\u0103torului.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen domeniul ambalajelor, Rom\u00e2nia a reglementat REP sub forma responsabilit\u0103\u021bii financiare a produc\u0103torilor \u0219i urm\u0103rind principiul r\u0103spunderii individuale partajate a fiec\u0103rui actor privat \u0219i public care intervine pe parcursul \u00eentregului ciclu de via\u021b\u0103 al ambalajului. \u00cen prezent, gestionarea de\u0219eurilor de ambalaje prin intermediul REP este stabilit\u0103 conform prevederilor art. 12 din Ordonan\u021ba de urgen\u021b\u0103 nr. 92\/2021 privind regimul de\u0219eurilor. Conform directivelor pe baza c\u0103rora a fost introdus\u0103 REP \u00een UE, \u00een \u021bara noastr\u0103 sunt prev\u0103zute costurile ce trebuie acoperite prin sumele pl\u0103tite de c\u0103tre produc\u0103tori, cu titlu de contribu\u021bii financiare pentru colectarea \u0219i reciclarea ambalajelor produselor pe care le pun pe pia\u021ba na\u021bional\u0103. De asemenea, este reglementat modul de func\u021bionare a organiza\u021biilor care implementeaz\u0103 obliga\u021biile privind r\u0103spunderea extins\u0103 a produc\u0103torului (OIREP), precum \u0219i setul de atribu\u021bii ale autorit\u0103\u021bii publice centrale pentru protec\u021bia mediului, prima dintre acestea fiind sarcina de a defini \u00een mod clar rolurile \u0219i responsabilit\u0103\u021bile tuturor actorilor publici \u0219i priva\u021bi implica\u021bi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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De la momentul implement\u0103rii acestui sistem, produc\u0103torii de bunuri ambalate din Rom\u00e2nia au finan\u021bat ne\u00eentrerupt actualul sistem de management al de\u0219eurilor cu sume considerabile. Datele disponibile demonstreaz\u0103 c\u0103 Rom\u00e2nia \u00ee\u0219i atinge an de an \u021bintele de reciclare pentru de\u0219eurile de ambalaje. Punctul nevralgic sau obiectivul \u00een cazul c\u0103ruia \u021bara noastr\u0103 se afl\u0103 la coada Uniunii Europene este rata mic\u0103 de reciclare a de\u0219eurilor municipale. Conform ultimelor cifre ale Eurostat, \u00een 2020, Rom\u00e2nia a depozitat 93% din de\u0219eurile generate, \u00een condi\u021biile \u00een care \u021binta de deviere de la depozitare era de minim 50%.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cea mai mare parte din de\u0219eurile de ambalaje rezultate dup\u0103 consumul produselor ambalate nu poate fi recuperat\u0103 dec\u00e2t prin cooperarea cu autorit\u0103\u021bile publice locale, care au competen\u021be exclusive \u00een ce prive\u0219te asigurarea colect\u0103rii separate a de\u0219eurilor de la popula\u021bie, \u0219i cu locuitorii din fiecare ora\u0219 sau localitate, care trebuie s\u0103 fie informa\u021bi despre modalit\u0103\u021bile disponibile \u00een localitatea respectiv\u0103 de gestionare corect\u0103 a de\u0219eurilor. Or, stadiul incomplet \u00een care se afl\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103 \u00een momentul de fa\u021b\u0103 multe dintre sistemele de management integrat al de\u0219eurilor realizate de asocia\u021biile de dezvoltare intracomunitar\u0103 la nivel de jude\u021b sau regiune este una dintre cauzele pentru cantit\u0103\u021bile mici de reciclabile colectate separat din de\u0219eurile municipale. Reciclabilele colectate \u00een amestec cu de\u0219euri menajere reziduale ajung mult mai rar s\u0103 fie reciclate, av\u00e2nd o valoarea de pia\u021b\u0103 sc\u0103zut\u0103 \u00een compara\u021bie cu reciclabilele colectate separat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Opera\u021bionalizarea de c\u0103tre autorit\u0103\u021bile publice locale a instrumentelor economice \u2018pl\u0103te\u0219te pentru c\u00e2t arunci\u2019 pentru de\u0219eurile de la gospod\u0103rii \u0219i a contribu\u021biei pentru economia circular\u0103, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t acestea s\u0103 fie un factor de descurajare a depozit\u0103rii de\u0219eurilor, sunt aspecte esen\u021biale care ar putea duce la \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021birea performan\u021bei \u00een gestionarea de\u0219eurilor municipale, prin stimularea colect\u0103rii separate pentru reciclabile \u0219i, astfel, pentru ambalajele din de\u0219eurile municipale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lipsurile \u0219i sectoarele \u00een care au fost identificate problemele din sistem sunt bine-cunoscute de mai mult timp, dar, \u00een ciuda acestui fapt, schimb\u0103rile legislative promovate recent nu adreseaz\u0103 aceste situa\u021bii sau nu propun m\u0103suri de redresare, concentr\u00e2ndu-se \u00een schimb strict pe direc\u021bionarea sanc\u021biunilor, cel mai adesea, c\u0103tre produc\u0103torii care contribuie deja, prin sumele pl\u0103tite, la func\u021bionarea sistemului actual de colectare a de\u0219eurilor de ambalaje.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Asigurarea unui dialog regulat \u00eentre toate p\u0103r\u021bile interesate, implicate \u00een punerea \u00een aplicare a schemelor de r\u0103spundere extins\u0103 a produc\u0103torilor, reprezint\u0103 un principiu fundamental pe baza c\u0103ruia sunt construite schemele de REP \u00een \u00eentreaga Uniune European\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sistemul REP a ajuns \u00een ultimii ani la un grad de transparen\u021b\u0103 \u0219i eficien\u021b\u0103 care a permis \u00eendeplinirea obiectivelor de colectare \u0219i reciclare existente. De\u0219i func\u021bional, acestuia \u00eei mai pot fi aduse \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021biri, pentru cre\u0219terea performan\u021bei \u0219i \u00een condi\u021biile obiectivelor tot mai ambi\u021bioase de reciclare ale UE pentru anii urm\u0103tori, iar produc\u0103torii sunt gata s\u0103 contribuie la definirea acestor \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021biri, dac\u0103 va fi instituit un dialog real cu operatorii economici implica\u021bi \u0219i cu cet\u0103\u021benii care \u00ee\u0219i doresc \u0219i reu\u0219esc s\u0103 separe de\u0219eurile de ambalaje \u00een vederea recicl\u0103rii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cantitate <\/strong>(mii tone) sau Rat\u0103 (%). AN<\/strong><\/td>2018<\/strong><\/td>2019<\/strong><\/td>2020<\/strong><\/td>2021<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
Introdus\u0103 <\/strong>pe pia\u021b\u0103<\/strong><\/td>1878<\/strong><\/td>2014<\/strong><\/td>2141<\/strong><\/td>2368<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
Reciclat\u0103<\/strong><\/td>1312<\/strong><\/td>1264<\/strong><\/td>1323<\/strong><\/td>1412<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
Valorificat\u0103 <\/strong>prin reciclare sau prin alte metode<\/strong><\/td>1372<\/strong><\/td>1333<\/strong><\/td>1405<\/strong><\/td>1498<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
% <\/em>Rata global\u0103 de reciclare<\/em><\/td>70%<\/em><\/td>63%<\/em><\/td>62%<\/em><\/td>60%<\/em><\/td><\/tr>
% <\/em>Rata global\u0103 de valorificare<\/em><\/td>73%<\/em><\/td>66%<\/em><\/td>66%<\/em><\/td>63%<\/em><\/td><\/tr>
Obiectiv global de valorificare <\/em>prin reciclare<\/em>sau prin alte <\/em>metode \u2013 <\/em>3 <\/td>                     60%<\/em><\/td><\/tr>
Reciclat\u0103 <\/strong>prin intermediul OIREP<\/strong><\/td>770<\/strong><\/td>932<\/strong><\/td>1001<\/strong><\/td>1071<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
Valorificat\u0103 <\/strong>prin reciclare sau prin alte metode, prin intermediul OIREP<\/strong><\/td>818<\/strong><\/td>993<\/strong><\/td>1076<\/strong><\/td>1151<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
% <\/em>Reciclat\u0103 prin intermediul OIREP din total cantitate reciclat\u0103<\/em><\/td>59%<\/em><\/td>74%<\/em><\/td>76%<\/em><\/td>76%<\/em><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Surs\u0103 tabel: Date comunicate de AFM pentru perioada 2018-2021<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1 Extended and Shared Producer Responsibility: Phase 2, Framework <\/em>Report<\/em> (1998). Pag. 20. ENV \/ EPOC \/ PPC(97)20 \/ REV2. Environment Directorate, Environment Policy Committee. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2 Eurostat: Cantitatea de de\u0219euri recuperat\u0103 <\/em>\u00een UE a crescut semnificativ \u00een 2020. <\/em>Agerpres. 13.09.2022. https:\/\/www.agerpres.ro\/economic-extern\/2022\/09\/13\/eurostat-cantitatea-de-deseuri-recuperata-in-ue-a-crescut-semnificativ-in-2020\u2013978223<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

3 cf. ANEXEI Nr. 3, \u2018Obiectivele <\/em>minime de valorificare sau incinerare \u00een instala\u021bii de incinerare <\/em>cu recuperare de energie \u0219i de valorificare prin reciclare, globale <\/em>\u0219i pe tip de materiale de ambalare\u2019<\/em> la Ordonan\u021ba de urgen\u021b\u0103 nr. 196\/2005, cu modific\u0103rile \u0219i complet\u0103rile ulterioare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

sursa: https:\/\/www.clubantreprenor.ro\/2022\/09\/30\/reciclarea-ambalajelor-raspunderea-extinsa-a-producatorilor-atributiile-autoritatilor-si-rolul-consumatorilor\/<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Articol realizat de\u00a0Asocia\u021bia Rom\u00e2n\u0103 pentru Ambalaje \u0219i Mediu (ARAM) Sistemul de r\u0103spundere extins\u0103 a produc\u0103torului, care func\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u00een Rom\u00e2nia \u00eenc\u0103 din anul 2004, a permis, \u00een cazul ambalajelor, prin atingerea \u021bintelor de colectare \u0219i reciclare asumate, reciclarea unor cantit\u0103\u021bi de ordinul milioanelor de tone de de\u0219euri de ambalaje \u00eentr-un an, cea mai mare parte din<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2405,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2404","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-comunicate"],"yoast_head":"\nReciclarea ambalajelor: r\u0103spunderea extins\u0103 a produc\u0103torilor, atribu\u021biile autorit\u0103\u021bilor \u0219i rolul consumatorilor - ASOCIATIA ROMANA 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